Some Critics to Understanding of Tawheed Based on Wah-dat al-Wujud in Terms of The Theological Ontology

Abstract

Theology and sufism constituting two main arteries of Islamic thought are three disiplines in which have similarities with each other and sometimes contrasts between them, when compared their tawheed notions in the historical process. Sufism philosophically became strong thank to the doctrine of Ibn Arabi shown as a reference in wandat al-wticud and gained a theoretical dimension in its own. In addition, on occasion this situation theologically caused some mariginal ideas. Thus, in the followiing process, what this tradition guided an understanding directly made an impact on the perception of tawheed in Sufism. While Islamic theologians were dealing with the God's and human's personality, attributes and acts, in this context the topic of tawheed, as far as they took into consideration the man's ontological reality, his speheres of will and responsibility. In the tradition of wandat al-wujud, it is seen that these issues were discussed as a whole and considered the existence in the theory of tawheed. It is clear that such an approach undermines generally ontological reality in existence, particularly man's reality. On the other hand, wandat al-wujud also leads to some epistemological problems such as the truth and Validity of knowledge provided on existence. However, in the religious field, the understanding of tawheed shaped by wandat al-wujud theory leads to some theological and eschatological problems that are incumbent on the sphere of man's will and resporisibility.