Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11499/30253
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dc.contributor.authorAlçiçek, Hülya-
dc.contributor.authorBülbül, A.-
dc.contributor.authorYavuzer, İ.-
dc.contributor.authorAlçiçek, Mehmet Cihat-
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-08T12:12:01Z
dc.date.available2020-06-08T12:12:01Z
dc.date.issued2019-
dc.identifier.issn0377-0273-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11499/30253-
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.09.011-
dc.description.abstractThe Pamukkale Geothermal Field (PGF) of the Denizli Basin (SW Turkey) is one of the most distinguished active geothermal fields known in the World. The thermal waters from the PGF are subdivided into two groups (Group 1A: Ca-HCO 3 and Group 1B: Ca-SO 4 types). The cold waters are also classified into two groups (Group 2A: Ca-HCO 3 and Group 2B: Mg-HCO 3 types). The hydrogeochemical properties of the PGF thermal waters suggest interactions with the basal metamorphic rocks of the Menderes Massif, tectonically overriding by the carbonate rocks of the Lycian Nappes and sedimentary rocks of the Neogene formations. The bedrock units are stratigraphically overlain by the Neogene sedimentary units of the Denizli Group. The thermal springs of the PGF are affected by several hydrothermal processes including mixing, water-rock interaction and input of mantle volatiles. The thermal water plots of the PGF deviate from the full equilibrium line indicating a low water maturity and/or mixing processes. Mixing models and Na-K-Mg ternary diagram suggest mixing between meteoric and thermal waters during the uprising of the deep-originated fluids. The water-rock interaction leads saturation of calcite and induces travertine precipitation in the discharge area. Low tritium (<1 TU) values of the PGF thermal waters confirm a deep circulation. The ? 18 O (-9.23 to -8.32‰) and ?D (-61.00 to -57.00‰) isotopic values of the PGF indicate that the meteoric waters serve as the source of the thermal waters. Based on the ? 18 O and ?D data, the PGF thermal waters are produced from precipitation in the southern side of Yenice Horst with elevation of 850–880 m.a.s.l. The ? 13 C DIC values (+6.26 to +8.07‰) of the PGF thermal waters indicate that CO 2 in thermal waters is mainly of a metamorphic origin. In order to identify the reservoir temperature of the PGF, various geothermometric methods have been applied. Accordingly, theoretical reservoir temperature ranges from 60 to 125 °C. The total hydrothermal CO 2 flux in the PGF is calculated to be approximately 1.4 × 10 8 mol/year (excluding free CO 2 flux) as similar to those of other geothermal fields in the World (e.g., central-southern Italy). This study proposes a conceptual hydrogeological-hydrogeochemical-tectonic model for the PGF: the thermal waters are derived from the infiltration of rainwater through fractures and faults in high recharge areas to the deep hot reservoir. Heating produced by the high geothermal gradient is interpreted in relation with the regional crustal thinning. Thermal waters upwell along WNW-ESE-trending deep faults and fractures (the Pamukkale Fault System) that act as hydrothermal pathways favouring migration of a huge amount of CO 2 -rich gas from deep geothermal reservoir. The geochemical and isotopic data of the thermal waters and gas indicate that the degassing of both metamorphic CO 2 and mantle derived CO 2 occurs in the PGF. Helium isotope data indicate that mantle volatiles produce possibly an upwelling into asthenosphere and ascent along these tectonic discontinuities. In this context, the PGF is one of the best example of geothermal fields as an interaction of active magmatism in the actively extending crustal setting. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.en_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectExtensional tectonicsen_US
dc.subjectMagmatismen_US
dc.subjectMetamorphic and mantle CO 2 degassingen_US
dc.subjectPamukkaleen_US
dc.subjectThermal watersen_US
dc.subjectTravertineen_US
dc.subjectCalciteen_US
dc.subjectCarbon dioxideen_US
dc.subjectDegassingen_US
dc.subjectFaultingen_US
dc.subjectGeothermal fieldsen_US
dc.subjectGeothermal springsen_US
dc.subjectIsotopesen_US
dc.subjectLimestoneen_US
dc.subjectMetamorphic rocksen_US
dc.subjectMixingen_US
dc.subjectPotassium alloysen_US
dc.subjectSedimentologyen_US
dc.subjectSodium alloysen_US
dc.subjectTernary alloysen_US
dc.subjectMagmatismsen_US
dc.subjectHydrochemistryen_US
dc.subjectcarbon dioxideen_US
dc.subjectdegassingen_US
dc.subjectextensional tectonicsen_US
dc.subjectgeothermal systemen_US
dc.subjectgeothermometryen_US
dc.subjecthydrogeochemistryen_US
dc.subjectmagmatismen_US
dc.subjectthermal wateren_US
dc.subjecttravertineen_US
dc.subjectAnatoliaen_US
dc.subjectDenizli Basinen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.subjectLyciaen_US
dc.titleOrigin and evolution of the thermal waters from the Pamukkale Geothermal Field (Denizli Basin, SW Anatolia, Turkey): Insights from hydrogeochemistry and geothermometryen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.volume372en_US
dc.identifier.startpage48
dc.identifier.startpage48en_US
dc.identifier.endpage70en_US
dc.authorid0000-0003-4949-9087-
dc.authorid0000-0001-7689-7625-
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.09.011-
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85056992271en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000459840700004en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1-
dc.ownerPamukkale University-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.fulltextNo Fulltext-
item.openairetypeArticle-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.grantfulltextnone-
crisitem.author.dept10.08. Geological Engineering-
crisitem.author.dept10.08. Geological Engineering-
crisitem.author.dept10.08. Geological Engineering-
Appears in Collections:Mühendislik Fakültesi Koleksiyonu
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
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