Treatment options in low-intermediate risk prostate cancer

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this review is to determine the current standard treatment modality via comparing oncological and functional outcomes of treatment options under current literature in patients with low-intermediate risk prostate cancer.

New Findings: In 2011, in United States, 240.890 new prostate cancer cases was detected and 90% of these cases were at the stage of localized disease. Treatment alternatives for low-intermediate risk prostate cancer involves active suveillance, radical surgical treatments, radiotherapy, focal ablative treatments, and experimental treatment modalities. While making decision about the optimum treatment modality, patient's lif expectancy, comorbidity, tumor biology, risks and complications of the treatment modality and clinically insignificant disease should be considered.

Results: Because of the lack of clearness about the indication criteria, needing intensive follow-up and the absence of randomised controlled trials which have long term results, active surveillance could not become a standard treatment modality currently. The oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy are superior and the morbidity is similar to radiotherapy, so that, in 2013, radical prostatectomy is the standard treatment modality in patients with low-intermediate risk prostate cancer.