Supplementary DDCC plus based universal filter with grounded passive elements

Abstract

A new voltage-mode (VM) analog filter is proposed in this paper. The proposed circuit is composed of three plus-type single output DDCCs and only grounded passive elements that are important when the integrated circuit fabrication is involved. It has three high input impedances and one low output impedance. As a result, it has the feature of easy cascadability with other VM structures. Passive element matching constraints and extra additional active devices are not needed for it. Non-ideality analyses such as non-ideal gain and parasitic impedance effects are also given. Many simulations through SPICE program and several experimental studies are included.