Effects of the Telephone-Based Motivational Interviewing in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of the telephone-based MI intervention in adults with Type 2 diabetes with randomized controlled trials. Material and Methods: This research was created in line with the recommendations of the PRISMA systematic review guide. Literature was searched using Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials as databases. Keywords consisted of “Diabetes mellitus” and “Motivational interview” and “telephone” and “randomized controlled trial” from 2010 to 2020. Inclusion criteria in the systematic review were determined according to the PICOS components. Results: The electronic search yielded 907 studies and 7 articles were included in the systematic review. Blood pressure control in 2 of 4 studies, body mass index (BMI) in one of two studies, weight loss in one of three studies, waist circumference loss in two of three studies, high density lipoprotein (HDL) in one of three studies, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in one of four studies reached clinical targets. Two of three studies were healthy eating/diet, and one of two studies exercise/physical activity reached behavioral goals. There was no difference in clinical outcomes (HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose, hip circumference loss), and self-care behaviors (diabetes self-efficacy, medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring, foot care). Conclusion: As a result of telephone-based MI interventions, some studies have found improvements in the clinical (blood pressure, BMI, weight loss, HDL, LDL) and behavioral outcomes (healthy eating/diet, exercise/physical activity) of patients with T2DM.