CFOA-based first-order voltage-mode universal filters

Abstract

In this paper, two new CFOA-based first-order voltage-mode universal filters are proposed. Both of the filters use an additional unity gain-inverting amplifier. The first proposed filter employs a minimum number of passive elements, while the second one includes one capacitor and two grounded resistors. The proposed filters can give universal filter responses with the selection of their relevant inputs. Both of the proposed filters enjoy the low output and high input impedances. Two quadrature oscillator circuits derived from the proposed filters are also considered as application examples. In order to see the performance of the circuits, many simulations are carried out via the SPICE program. Also, some experiments for the first proposed filter are done by using AD844s. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH