Toll Like Receptor (TLR) signaling pathways

Abstract

The immune system provides an immediate defence mechanism in cases such as pathogen invasion or damage. It is also responsible for initiating an antigen-specific response of the adaptive immune system. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are one of the important elements of the immune system and have a critical role in the detection of microbial infection. TLRs have the specificity to detect infection and activate the immune system. TLRs rapidly recognize microbial products containing relevant exogenous and endogenous ligands. As a result, it modulates the expression of various genes in the cell and induces an antigen-specific adaptive immune response. TLRs can be expressed in both body cells and immune system related cells. Studies on the role of Toll like receptors in the pathogenesis of various diseases and the potential of biomarkers in effective treatment research are increasing day by day and attract the attention of scientists. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.