Internet of Nano and Bio-Nano Things: A Review

Abstract

In recent years, advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology and materials science have led to the development of revolutionizing applications in Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, the interconnection of nanomaterials, nanoimplants, and nanobiosensors with existing IoT networks has inspired the concepts of Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), and Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT). To date, although there are several survey papers that addressed these concepts separately, there is no current survey covering all studies in IoNT and IoBNT. Therefore, in this paper, we provide the complete overview of the recent studies in these three areas. Furthermore, we emphasize the research challenges, potential applications, and open research areas. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.