Serum PADI4 Levels in Neutropenia and Febrile Neutropenia

Abstract

Peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADI) enzymes catalyze the conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline and are involved in the extracellular neutrophil trapping (NET) process. PADI4 is one of the most important PADI isoforms since it is the only PADI isotype with a nuclear localization signal and is found in tissues such as granulocytes, monocytes, and CD34(+) bone marrow cells. It contributes to the genesis of certain illnesses, such as autoimmune inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this investigation, we assessed PADI4 levels in patients with hematological malignancies that are neutropenic and compared them to hospitalized patients' neutropenic fever periods. PADI4 levels were lower in patients with neutropenic hematological malignancies than in the control group (4.44 +/- 2.76 ng/ ml (med: 3.98, IQR: 3-4.58) vs. 6.14 +/- 6 .39 ng/ml (med: 2.7, IQR: 2.32-9.5); p= 0.049). It was shown that the patients with neutropenic fever had serum PADI4 levels that were statistically substantially lower than those of the control group (4.65 +/- 2.54 ng/ml (med: 3.98, IQR: 3.24-5.17) vs. 6.14 +/- 6.39 (med: 2.7, IQR: 2.32-9.5; p= 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in PADI4 level between the neutropenic group and the neutropenic fever group (p= 0.734). PADI4 might be significant because of its potential to be a target in the management of infectious complications and neutropenic hematological malignancies. We require further research in this area.