Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11499/57282
Title: Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Emir Geothermal Waters in Kula Area, Western Anatolia
Authors: Gökgöz, Ali
Mutlu, Halim
Demirel, Özgün
Keywords: Hydrochemistry
Geothermometry
Paleo-temperature
Emir geothermal waters
Turkey
Natural Hydrothermal Systems
Fluid-Mineral Equilibria
Chemical-Composition
Menderes-Massif
Thermal Waters
Volcanic Field
Heat-Flow
Turkey
Sulfur
Oxygen
Publisher: Springer Heidelberg
Abstract: In this study, we investigate chemical and isotopic characteristics of thermal waters of the Emir geothermal field in the Kula region, which hosts the youngest volcanism in Turkey. Studied thermal waters with temperature and electrical conductivity values of 21-63 degrees C and 3840 to 5210 mu S/cm are of Na-HCO3 type and have neutral character. delta O-18 and delta D of thermal waters are - 9.40 to - 8.41 parts per thousand and - 64.16 to - 56.38 parts per thousand (VSMOW) and indicate a meteoric source with local recharge. Tritium values of thermal waters in the Emir geothermal field are mostly < 1 TU signifying a deep circulation. Positive delta C-13 values (1.32-4.46 parts per thousand VPDB) imply that carbon is derived dominantly from marine limestone and dominantly from endogenic CO2. delta O-18 and delta S-34 of dissolved sulfate yield that marine limestone is the source of sulfur in thermal waters, which are partly affected by sulfide oxidation and bacterial reduction processes. At discharge temperatures, Emir thermal waters are oversaturated with respect to albite, aragonite, calcite, alpha-cristobalite, dolomite, gibbsite, illite, K-feldspar, kaolinite, muscovite and quartz but undersaturated for anhydrite and wairakite. The activity diagrams suggest that high Na+ and K+ concentrations in waters are attributed to dissolution of muscovite, K-feldspar and albite. Chemical and isotopic compositions of the Emir thermal waters are controlled by a combination of processes including water-rock interaction, dissolution/precipitation and ion exchange. Various chemical and isotopic geothermometers applied to the thermal waters yielded reservoir temperatures in the range of 80-125 degrees C. Paleo-temperatures estimated from delta O-18 values of travertines and thermal waters (isotope fractionation) are consistent with modern discharge temperatures.
URI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-08954-2
https://hdl.handle.net/11499/57282
ISSN: 2193-567X
2191-4281
Appears in Collections:Mühendislik Fakültesi Koleksiyonu
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection

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