Complications of imaging-assisted port catheters and factors affecting complications

Abstract

Purpose: This research investigates complications associated with Imaging-Assisted Port Catheters (IAPCs) to provide insights for healthcare professionals involved in their usage. The study aims to optimize patient safety, implement preventive strategies, and guide evidence-based decision-making in the clinical use of IAPCs. Materials and methods: A retrospective study comprising 1247 patients who underwent IAPC placement in the Interventional Radiology Unit between 01.09.2012-01.09.2020 was conducted. Data, including indications for port placement, complications, duration of port stay, and reasons for explantation, were extracted from electronic medical records. Comparative analysis with surgically implanted ports was performed, and the efficacy and safety of imaging-guided port implantation were assessed. Results: The study predominantly involved right internal jugular vein placement (93.8%). Major complications did not occur during the 7 to 1330 days of port usage. The average usage period was 243 days, totaling 310,503 catheter-days. Infectious complications were the most common (4.8%), significantly higher (13.9%) in hematological malignancies. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly increased complication rate in hematological malignancy patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: The research reveals an 8.6% overall incidence of complications in IAPC usage, with hematologic malignancy identified as a significant independent risk factor. The low complication rate per 1000 catheter days (0.36) aligns with recent studies, emphasizing the benefits of image guidance and procedural expertise. Notably, infectious complications, especially in hematologic malignancy patients, underscore the need for further research to refine IAPC management for long-term intravenous access. The study contributes essential insights for healthcare professionals involved in the field, emphasizing ongoing efforts in advancing IAPC management for the benefit of patients. © 2024, Pamukkale University. All rights reserved.