The effect of cochlear implant stimulation on postural control

Abstract

Objective: There are contradictory reports on the effect of cochlear implantation on postural control. Associated vestibular loss, electrode insertion trauma, and electrical stimulus of a cochlear implant can influence postural control. This study focused on the electrical stimulation of the cochlea. We aimed to examine whether a cochlear implant's electrical stimulation affects postural control measured by posturography. Methods: Thirty-three patients with unilateral cochlear implants were included. We used three preprogrammed main tests and their nine subtests in posturography. Postural stability [general stability index (GSI)], fall risk index (FRI), and sensory integration [modified clinical test of sensory integration of balance (m-CTSIB)] were calculated. All tests were performed under three conditions: implant off (1), implant on (2), and implant on music (3). Results: The mean age was 46.29 +/- 16.09 years. GSI was above normal limits in 78% of adult cochlear implant users. We found that FRI was high in 30% of patients, and m-CTSIB was defective in 42%. There were no statistically significant differences in GSI, FRI, and m-CTSIB. Cochlear implant stimulation was found to have positively affected postural control when the subject's data were visualized individually. GSI, FRI, and m-CTSIB dropped to 39%, 24%, and 24%, respectively, when music was on. There was a significant correlation between age and fall index. But this correlation disappeared when music was playing. Conclusion: Cochlear implant stimulation affected the vestibular system in almost all patients. The effect was positive in most patients.