Determination of Paclobutrazol Using Square Wave Voltammetry Based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Boron-Doped Copper Oxide/Graphene Nanocomposite

Abstract

In the present study, a novel voltammetric sensor based on a boron-doped copper oxide/graphene (B-CuO-Gr) nanocomposite and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed for the detection of paclobutrazol (PAC) in apple and orange juice samples. The B-CuO-Gr nanocomposite was prepared using sol-gel and calcination methods. After modifying glassy carbon electrodes with the B-CuO-Gr nanocomposite, PAC-imprinted electrodes were prepared in the presence of 100.0 mM pyrrole (Py) monomer and 25.0 mM PAC using cyclic voltammetry (CV). After elucidating the surface properties of the prepared B-CuO-Gr nanocomposite and PAC-imprinted electrodes using various characterization techniques, the PAC-imprinted sensor was successfully applied to apple and orange juice samples, demonstrating high recovery. A linear range of 1.0 × 10−9 to 1.0 × 10−8 M PAC (R2 = 0.9983) and a detection limit (LOD) of 3.30 × 10−10 M were observed, along with high selectivity, stability, and reproducibility for the MIP/B-CuO-Gr/GCE sensor. © 2024 Royal Society of Chemistry. All rights reserved.