Evaluation of the Sustainability of Water Consumption in Turkiye Within the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis2

Abstract

Water demand, as a natural resource, increases with economic development. Due to its different regional distribution, it is difficult for everyone to have equal access to water. Metropolitan cities, where economic activities grow, become centres of attraction, and their populations increase. This study investigates the relationship between total water consumption per capita, GDP per capita and urban population between 1992-2019 for T & uuml;rkiye within the scope of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Johansen's cointegration test was applied to the model, and it was concluded that there is cointegration between the variables. As a result of the application of CCR, FMOLS and DOLS tests, it is concluded that the EKC hypothesis is not valid in T & uuml;rkiye. According to the model results, the EKC is U-shaped.