Effects of Motivational Interviewing and an Education Programme Based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring on Adults Receiving Haemodialysis: Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Effective haemodialysis management is crucial, and behavioural change interventions are essential for good haemodialysis self-management. However, no study explores the effects of Watson's theory such as the humanistic approach to behavioural change in haemodialysis.Aims: To evaluate the effects of motivational interviewing and an education programme based on Watson's theory on adherence to treatment, satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on haemodialysis.Methods: This study was conducted in Turkey. Intervention group received four sessions of motivational interviewing and an education programme based on Watson's theory, and the control group received routine care. The primary outcomes were adherence to fluid intake, diet and medication, attendance at haemodialysis sessions, satisfaction and HRQOL. The secondary outcomes were laboratory parameters.Results: Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 32) or the control group (n = 28). There were statistically significant between-group differences in adherence to fluid intake, diet and medication, and the kidney disease burden sub-dimension of HRQOL, with medium to large effect sizes. There was no difference in laboratory parameters. Participants showed high levels of satisfaction with this programme.Conclusions: This study provides evidence for nurses regarding Watson's theory-based programme in a haemodialysis population. Results will help nurses to develop and practice customised effective interventions for haemodialysis.