Enhanced Glioblastoma Treatment Via Carbon-Coated Perovskite Nanohybrid: Synergistic Effects of Targeted Chemotherapy and Magnetic Hyperthermia

Abstract

This study explores the therapeutic potential of a novel nanohybrid structure, C-TMZ@PmAb MNP, designed for targeted glioblastoma treatment through the combination of chemotherapy and magnetic hyperthermia. Comprehensive characterization of the nanohybrid revealed successful conjugation of Panitumumab (PmAb) and effective temozolomide (TMZ) loading, demonstrating enhanced apoptotic activity in glioblastoma cell lines (U-87 MG and U-251 MG MG). Cellular uptake studies were confirmed by both ICP-OES and fluorescence microscopy, with the peak of uptake occurring at 6 h post-incubation. Apoptosis assays showed a significant increase in late apoptosis in glioblastoma cells treated with the nanohybrid, especially when combined with an alternating magnetic field (AMF), confirming the synergistic effect of the combined therapy. Additionally, EGFR expression analysis indicated a decrease in expression levels following treatment with C-TMZ@PmAb MNP. These findings suggest that the C-TMZ@PmAb MNP nanohybrid effectively enhances therapeutic efficacy against glioblastoma by leveraging targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia, thus warranting further investigation for clinical applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.