Role of Epiregulin Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: New Findings and Clinical Significance

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome, a prevalent endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women, is characterized by polycystic ovaries, oligoanovulation, and hyperandrogenemia. Epiregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, playing a crucial role in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. It is also known to be involved in reproductive system-specific mechanisms, including ovulation and oocyte maturation. This study aimed to investigate the role of epiregulin, an EGF family member implicated in ovulation and oocyte maturation, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODS: Serum epiregulin levels were analyzed in 39 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 28 healthy controls. Associations between epiregulin and clinical/metabolic parameters such as body mass index, insulin resistance, and androgen levels were assessed. RESULTS: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibited significantly lower epiregulin levels compared to controls (p<0.001). Epiregulin levels showed a negative correlation with polycystic ovary syndrome status and were inversely associated with body mass index, waist circumference, Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance, triglycerides, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and testosterone. CONCLUSION: Reduced epiregulin levels may contribute to the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. © 2025, Associacao Medica Brasileira. All rights reserved.