A Review on the Management of End-Of Solar Photovoltaic Panels: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions

Abstract

The rapid increase in the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels emphasizes the crucial role of renewable energy sources in meeting energy needs while reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels. Consequently, managing the end- of- life (EOL) of these panels has gained importance, as the growing number of EOL PV panels brings significant waste management concerns. Major solar energy markets are projected to generate considerable PV waste by 2050; however, recycling infrastructure remains inadequate in many regions. Given the high value of materials in PV panels, including base metals like aluminum, critical metals such as indium and gallium, and hazardous metals like lead and cadmium, adopting recycling approaches that align with circular economy is increasingly essential. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of EOL solar PV panel management, examining studies on PV waste estimation, exploring recycling processes, material composition and relevant policies, analyzing key challenges and opportunities, and offering recommendations for sustainable practices. © 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.