Birinci Basamağa Başvuran Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus Tanılı Bireylerin Hipoglisemi ve Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum ve Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) küresel düzeyde ve Türkiye'de yaygınlığı giderek artan, ciddi akut ve kronik komplikasyonlara yol açabilen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Hastalığın yönetiminde glisemik kontrolün sağlanmasının yanı sıra hipoglisemi gibi akut komplikasyonların önlenmesi ve sağlıklı yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarının benimsenmesi önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri, diyabetli bireylerin takip ve yönetiminde merkezi bir konumda yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, birinci basamağa başvuran Tip 2 DM tanılı bireylerin hipoglisemiye ve sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan bu araştırma, Denizli il merkezindeki üç Aile Sağlığı Merkezine başvuran 207 Tip 2 DM tanılı birey ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, katılımcıların sosyodemografik ve klinik özelliklerini içeren bir anket formu, Hipoglisemi Tutum ve Davranış Ölçeği (HTDÖ) ve Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ) kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 63,29 ± 9,37 yıl, Vücut Kitle İndeksi (VKİ) ortalaması 29,91 ± 5,05 kg/m² ve ortalama HbA1c değeri %7,45 ± 1,52'dir. Bireylerin sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutum puan ortalaması 80,01 ± 11,09 olarak saptanmış ve genel olarak 'yüksek' düzeyde olumlu bir tutuma sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Ancak, bu olumlu tutuma rağmen diyete tam uyum sağlayanların oranı yalnızca %28,5'tir. Yüksek eğitim ve gelir düzeyi, düzenli egzersiz yapma ve diyabet eğitimi almış olma gibi faktörler sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını olumlu etkilemiştir. Hipoglisemi tutumları incelendiğinde, kadınlarda kaygı düzeyinin erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. İnsülin kullanımı ve sık hipoglisemi yaşama durumu, kaçınma ve kaygı düzeylerini artırırken; iyi glisemik kontrol ve düzenli egzersiz ise hipoglisemiye karşı güveni artırmaktadır. Çalışmanın en önemli bulgularından biri, sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik daha olumlu bir tutumun (yüksek SBİTÖ puanı), hipoglisemiye karşı daha az kaygı ve kaçınma davranışı ile daha yüksek güvenle (düşük HTDÖ puanı) ilişkili olmasıdır. Tip 2 diyabetli bireyler sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik olumlu bir genel tutuma sahip olsalar da bu tutumun davranışa yansımasında belirgin bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının iyileştirilmesi, bireylerin hipoglisemi yönetimine dair tutumlarını da olumlu etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu nedenle, diyabet yönetiminde bu iki konuyu bütünleştiren, bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim ve destek programlarının geliştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tip 2 diyabet, hipoglisemi, sağlıklı beslenme, tutum ve davranış
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally and in Turkey, which can lead to serious acute and chronic complications. In addition to maintaining glycemic control, preventing acute complications such as hypoglycemia and adopting healthy lifestyle habits play an important role in the management of the disease. Primary care services play a central role in the follow-up and management of individuals with diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors of individuals diagnosed with Type 2 DM who seek primary care regarding hypoglycemia and healthy eating. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 207 individuals diagnosed with type 2 DM who applied to three Family Health Centers in the city center of Denizli. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview method, employing a questionnaire form that included participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Hypoglycemia Attitude and Behavior Scale (HABS), and the Healthy Eating Attitude Scale (SBİTÖ). The average age of participants was 63.29 ± 9.37 years, the average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 29.91 ± 5.05 kg/m², and the average HbA1c value was 7.45 ± 1.52%. The average attitude score toward healthy eating was 80.01 ± 11.09, indicating that participants generally had a 'high' level of positive attitude. However, despite this positive attitude, only 28.5% of participants fully adhered to the diet. Factors such as higher education and income levels, regular exercise, and having received diabetes education positively influenced healthy eating attitudes. When examining hypoglycemia attitudes, it was found that anxiety levels were higher in women than in men. Insulin use and frequent hypoglycemia episodes increased avoidance and anxiety levels, while good glycemic control and regular exercise increased confidence in managing hypoglycemia. One of the most important findings of the study is that a more positive attitude toward healthy eating (high SBİTÖ score) is associated with less anxiety and avoidance behavior toward hypoglycemia and higher confidence (low HABS score). Although individuals with type 2 diabetes have a positive general attitude toward healthy eating, there is a significant gap between this attitude and its reflection in behavior. Improving attitudes toward healthy eating has the potential to positively influence individuals' attitudes toward hypoglycemia management. Therefore, it is important to develop individualized education and support programs that integrate these two issues in diabetes management. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia, healthy eating, attitude and behavior
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally and in Turkey, which can lead to serious acute and chronic complications. In addition to maintaining glycemic control, preventing acute complications such as hypoglycemia and adopting healthy lifestyle habits play an important role in the management of the disease. Primary care services play a central role in the follow-up and management of individuals with diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors of individuals diagnosed with Type 2 DM who seek primary care regarding hypoglycemia and healthy eating. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 207 individuals diagnosed with type 2 DM who applied to three Family Health Centers in the city center of Denizli. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview method, employing a questionnaire form that included participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Hypoglycemia Attitude and Behavior Scale (HABS), and the Healthy Eating Attitude Scale (SBİTÖ). The average age of participants was 63.29 ± 9.37 years, the average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 29.91 ± 5.05 kg/m², and the average HbA1c value was 7.45 ± 1.52%. The average attitude score toward healthy eating was 80.01 ± 11.09, indicating that participants generally had a 'high' level of positive attitude. However, despite this positive attitude, only 28.5% of participants fully adhered to the diet. Factors such as higher education and income levels, regular exercise, and having received diabetes education positively influenced healthy eating attitudes. When examining hypoglycemia attitudes, it was found that anxiety levels were higher in women than in men. Insulin use and frequent hypoglycemia episodes increased avoidance and anxiety levels, while good glycemic control and regular exercise increased confidence in managing hypoglycemia. One of the most important findings of the study is that a more positive attitude toward healthy eating (high SBİTÖ score) is associated with less anxiety and avoidance behavior toward hypoglycemia and higher confidence (low HABS score). Although individuals with type 2 diabetes have a positive general attitude toward healthy eating, there is a significant gap between this attitude and its reflection in behavior. Improving attitudes toward healthy eating has the potential to positively influence individuals' attitudes toward hypoglycemia management. Therefore, it is important to develop individualized education and support programs that integrate these two issues in diabetes management. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia, healthy eating, attitude and behavior
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Aile Hekimliği, Family Medicine
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checked on Jun 04, 2026
