Antik mimaride iki yapı ögesi opus caementicium ve tonoz

Abstract

Opus caementicium was a Roman concrete which is gained to intermix by with the stone and brick fractures mixed with lime mortar or Pozzalona before molded in the literal sense. Opus caementicium is a binding artificial structure material like a modern concrete which composed various materials were added to the water. Term is wrong used in the Roman building technology. The Roman concrete; caementa is used by meaning agrera (total of) of stone or brick dollop. The binding material is volcanic Pozzalona and/or lime. The maximal contribution by Rome is to add Pozzalona which is existence in Center Italy to the main mixed structure element. Pozzalona which is special volcanic sand was named after found in Naples, near to Pozzuoli. Pulvis Puteolanus was ancient name of modern Pozzalona. It is known that opus caementicium as a binding element with lime mortar in the walls in the endings of the 3rd century BC. from archaeological findings and inscriptions. Many researcher are defined the opus caementicium as a “Rubber Mortar” because of the different usage in Anatolia. Although rubber mortar is used as a term instead of Roman concrete/opus-caementicium, this mortar is peculiar to Anatolia. Opus-caementicium is used only Cilicia region in Anatolia. Because of the volcanic material which is basic element of the opus-caementicium found only Cilicia region. The Vault is derived from volvere in Latin. Volver is used as a meaning of turning, dialing in Latin language. The vault is generally consisted of various materials a brick, stone or rubble stone. This various materials which are used in vault, added to the mortar and formed as a homogeneous material.