Validity and reliability of the 3-meter backward walk test in patients with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Background: The 3-meter backward walk test (3MBWT) evaluates neuromuscular control, proprioception, protective reflexes, fall risk, and balance. This study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the 3MBWT in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS).Methods: 40 pwMS (8 male, 32 female) were included in the study. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used for the reliability of the 3MBWT. MDC estimates were calculated using baseline data. The validity of the 3MBWT was evaluated by the correlation between The Timed Up and Go test (TUG), The 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12), The 2 Min Walk Test (2MWT), The Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW), and The Four Square Step Test (FSST) Results: The intra-rater (ICC 0.944-0.945) and inter-rater (ICC 0.932-0.935) reliability of the 3MBWT was determined to be excellent. MDC values for intra-rater were 1.13-1.30 sec, and MDC values for inter-rater were 1.10-1.24 sec. The correlation with 3MBWT, TUG, MSWS-12, and 2MWT was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The 3MBWT was found to be valid and reliable in pwMS. It is a short and easily applied test in outpatient and inpatient clinics without any need for equipment. According to the MDC results, small differences in pwMS can be adequately detected with 3MBWT. Therefore, it may be a clinically suitable test for detecting subtle changes in synergistic motor functions related to prorioception in relapsing or remitting periods. It, also may add some more information on to EDSS data for following the disease progression as well as treatment responses.