Utilizing alkali pre- treated banana waste in sustainable particleboard manufacturing

Abstract

Banana (Musa acuminata) cultivation and trade are widespread across various regions and countries globally. Nonetheless, substantial quantities of waste, primarily comprising leaves and stems of the banana plant, are annually disposed of into the environment post-harvest. This study aims to highlight this issue and propose an alternative solution in response to the escalating demand for raw materials. To this end, alkaline pretreatment was administered to particles derived from banana waste leaves and stems using NaOH solutions at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%, followed by board production. Results indicate that water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) values of the produced boards increased with alkaline treatment. However, the mechanical properties stipulated in the TS-EN 312 (2012) standard were satisfactorily achieved with 1% NaOH treatment, while higher concentrations adversely affected internal bond strength (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). In the surface properties tests of the boards, increasing the alkali concentration decreased values of the surface roughness and the contact angle. Overall, the findings suggest the viability of utilizing banana waste as an alternative resource.