Impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on periodontal status in obese patients

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery on clinical periodontal parameters at 6 months in the postoperative period. Materials and methods: Fifty-four obese patients with periodontitis between 18 and 70 years of age were evaluated for obesity-related parameters and periodontal status before and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Correlations of the changes in periodontal parameters and the total weight loss and body mass index (BMI) loss at 6 months after bariatric surgery were determined with Spearman correlation analysis. P<0.05 was considered as the statistical significance value. Results: Significant improvements were achieved at 6-month follow-up compared to baseline in BMI values and several systemic health-related serum biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and albumin levels. Periodontal parameters; plaque index (p=0.000), gingival index (p=0.004), and bleeding on probing (p=0.007) were decreased significantly at 6 months after surgery. However, no significant changes in probing depth and clinical attachment level values were observed. The changes in plaque index values were positively correlated with the percent of total weight loss (r=0.301, p=0.027). Also, there was a positive significant correlation between the changes in the percent of bleeding on probing levels and the percent of total weight loss and the percent excess BMI loss (r=0.637, p=0.000 and r=0.370, p=0.006 respectively). Conclusion: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery resulted in a reduction in periodontal inflammation in parallel with the decrease in BMI levels and obesity-related biochemical markers during the 6-month follow-up period. © 2024, Pamukkale University. All rights reserved.