Argumentation-Supported Integrated STEAM Approach for Middle School Students: Fresco Demonstration Series

Abstract

This study presented a series of demonstrations about the survival of frescoes based on an integrated STEAM approach, supported by argumentation to develop students' problem-solving skills. The content, particularly relevant to middle school students, includes the structure of matter and chemical reactions. These demonstrations, which are practices of the integrated STEAM approach, are based primarily on argumentation pedagogy. In each demonstration activity, students experience the relationship of the fresco-making steps to a different discipline (technology, engineering, or science) and generate a scientific explanation by engaging in an argumentation process. The worksheets allow students to be cognitively and communicatively active in the demonstration activities. The Notes for Teacher document provides teachers with guidance on integrating the STEAM approach into their lessons and facilitates classroom management during the demonstrations.