İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11499/45996
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Article Eye-Tracking in Reading Research: A Systematic Review of Studies With Children of Varying Reading Ability(Hogrefe Publishing Corp, 2026-04) Papadopoulos, Timothy C.; Fella, Argyro; Acarturk, Cengiz; Bahcekapili, Ekrem; Canaj, Kimete; Cergol, Kristina; Dinçtopal Deniz, Nazik; Hollenstein, Nora; Hržica, Gordana; Jozipović, Marija; Kasperė, Ramunė; Klimek-Jankowska, Dorota; Knudsen, Hanne B. Søndergaard; Krebs, Julia; Krejtz, Izabela; Leszko, Magda; Łockiewicz, Marta; Motiejūnienė, Jurgita; Özkan, Ayşegül; Türkan, Belgüzar Nilay; Erol Barkana, Duygun: Eye-tracking methods have become a valuable tool for reading research, as they provide significant evidence on the behavioral and cognitive performance of developing readers. They also help identify reading behavior patterns among children with neurodevelopmental conditions, such as reading difficulties (RD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we reviewed relevant literature (73 empirical studies) from 2008 to 2023 (15 years). We documented how reading performance was measured through eye-tracking methodology among typical and atypical readers across various languages. To ensure a rigorous and transparent review, we adhered to the PRISMA framework, defined keywords, established inclusion and exclusion criteria, conducted data extraction, and employed a multi-phase selection process. We focused on research samples, stimulus designs, independent variables, eye-tracking systems, and metrics. The results indicated that research involving typically developing children mainly included participants from primary school and employed various eye-tracking methods, with English being the most studied language. Studies on children with RD and ADHD varied significantly in participants' sample sizes, languages, and experimental designs. The discussion emphasizes the need for standardized data-collection procedures to enhance the reliability and comparability of findings, thereby supporting the development of effective interventions and instructional methods for reading difficulties.Article Deep Disagreements, Rational Attitudes, and Epistemic Respect(Beytulhikme Felsefe Cevresi, 2026) Elmaci, Nusret ErdiDisagreements are an inevitable consequence of human nature. Thoughts, beliefs, and preferences vary from person to person. However, some disagreements are deep-seated, and it is common for people involved in such disagreements to resist reconciliation. But can we say that the parties in such disagreements are rational? This question has been one of the important debates in epistemology in recent years. This study argues that it is not rational for the parties to continue their disagreement in cases of deep disagreement. To substantiate this claim, we first critically examine the views that argue that deep disagreements cannot be rationally resolved. Those who argue that deep disagreements are unresolvable explain this by the factors that make them deep. However, the study argues that the depth of the disagreement does not prevent the parties from adopting rational attitudes. This is because the depth of the disagreement also legitimizes a strong doubt the nature of the disagreement. Respecting opposing views is possible only by understanding the epistemic role of this doubt.Article Oxymoron in Postcolonial Kazakh Literature(Berghahn Journals, 2025-12-01) Kazhytay, Balnur; Orazbek, Maktagul; Toltay, Faizulla; Nurgaziyev, Tanat; Amangazykyzy, MoldirThe purpose of this study was to uncover the role and significance of the oxymoron in postcolonial literature. To fulfil the purpose of the study, a systematic approach to identify and classify oxymorons in texts was conducted. In addition, methods of literary analysis, analysing contextual factors and historical context, were used to contribute to the understanding of the meaning of the oxymoron in postcolonial literature. Oxymorons were found both at the level of titles of works and in the text itself. Not only do they convey the contradictory and unbalanced nature of the postcolonial experience, but they also help the authors to create deep and multifaceted characters. The study highlighted the specific features of oxymoron use in different postcolonial contexts and identified common thematic and stylistic features.Article A Cult Statue of Zeus Olympios from Olympos (Lycia)(Wiley, 2026-03-01) Durugonul, Serra; Oztaskin, Gokcen K.; Erdogan, H. Mert; Akcay, Aykan; Gurel, BetulIn the Lycian city of Olympos, 365 statue fragments were unearthed from the naos and pronaos of the Roman-period temple that had been incorporated into the city's episcopal complex. These fragments derive from statues that had been deliberately dismantled and subsequently gathered together. Three-dimensional modelling was employed to determine which fragments could be assigned to the statue handled here, after which the conventional sequence of 'identification, typology and dating' could be applied. Stylistic and iconographic parallels indicate that the Olympos head corresponds to representations of Zeus. The left hand holding a sceptre and the right hand holding a thunderbolt also point to the same deity. Comparison with related material, as well as inscriptions and coins of Olympos, lead to the conclusion that the fragments belong to the cult statue of Zeus Olympios, originally standing approximately at an impressive 3.5 m high.Article Mid-to Holocene Climatic Changes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Speleothem-Based High-Resolution Isotope Record From Dim Cave, Southern Türkiye(Wiley, 2025-11-12) Baykara, Mehmet Oruc; Ozkul, Mehmet; Shen, Chuan-Chou; Imer, Ezgi Unal; Mii, Horng-Sheng; Hu, Hsun-Ming; Wu, Chung-Che; Demeny, AttilaHuman-environment interactions have been affected by sudden climate changes in the Eastern Mediterranean region for thousands of years. Recent studies project a 20% decrease in precipitation by the end of this century compared to the 20th century. Therefore, high-resolution paleoclimate data are needed to develop robust future climate projections and modeling studies for the Eastern Mediterranean. This study investigates the mid-to-late Holocene paleoclimatic shifts and their impacts on civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean using high-resolution isotope records from the Dim-3 stalagmite (Dim Cave, southern T & uuml;rkiye). A precise and robust age-depth model was constructed using 23 U/Th dating results, spanning from 4149 to 996 years (yr) BP. The isotope results show the driest conditions occurring at 3986 yr BP, with a rapid shift to wetter conditions after 3890 yr BP. These wetter conditions were followed by a prolonged dry period from 3280 to 2720 yr BP. A subsequent wet period between 2720 and 2228 yr BP was interrupted by a 698-year growth hiatus in the stalagmite. In the final section of the record (1530-972 yr BP), initially wet climatic conditions transitioned to drier periods around 1425 yr BP and again between 1150 and 1075 yr BP. The Dim-3 isotope record shows enriched isotopic values between 4140 and 3890 yr BP, coinciding with the "4.2 ka drying event." While a brief humid period was observed between 3050 and 2920 yr BP, the overall isotope values show an enriched trend from 3250 to 2800 yr BP, indicating the imprint of the 3.2 ka and Bond 2 events.Article Mapping Cognitive Patterns: a Network Analysis of Irrational Beliefs, Dysfunctional Attitudes, Automatic Thoughts, and Negative Cognitive Errors in Children(Springer, 2025-11-16) Altinok, Ahmet; Katmer, Ayse Nur; Turk, Fulya; Hamamci, ZeynepIrrational beliefs, dysfunctional attitudes, automatic thoughts, and negative cognitive errors are key cognitive patterns associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in children. These constructs are foundational in therapeutic approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), but their relationships remain underexplored in child samples. This study examined the associations among these constructs in a sample of 615 children (grades 5-8) using network analysis. Two models were tested: Model A examined total scores of the variables, and Model B analyzed subdomains for irrational beliefs, automatic thoughts, and cognitive errors. Undirected Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) and Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) were applied to identify associations and potential directional pathways. In Model A, dysfunctional attitudes emerged as the most central variable, with automatic thoughts acting as a mediator between dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs. Negative cognitive errors were less connected to other variables. Model B revealed personal failure (a subdomain of automatic thoughts) as the most central node, while demand for success (irrational beliefs) was closely linked to dysfunctional attitudes. The DAG analysis suggested that automatic thoughts predict irrational beliefs in children, differing from patterns observed in adults. The findings suggest that dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts play central roles in children's cognitive patterns. Future studies should examine these relationships including psychopathological factors to deepen understanding.Article When Affordances Are Not Universal: The Negative Compatibility Effect Is Modulated by Task Type and Spatial Association(Springer, 2025-12-02) Turkan, Belguzar Nilay; Schopper, Lars-Michael; Vainio, Lari; Frings, ChristianHumans prepare motor actions when perceiving objects that afford specific behaviors, highlighting the tight link between perception and action. For example, seeing a graspable object like a mug can trigger hand movements aligned to its handle - a phenomenon known as the object affordance effect. Vainio et al. (Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology64, 1094-1110, 2011) demonstrated this can produce a negative compatibility effect (NCE). This occurs when a spatially compatible prime object eliciting an affordance (e.g., a mug), but to be ignored, precedes a target requiring a spatial response. Given that task demands shape response execution (e.g., Sch & ouml;pper & Frings, Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 86, 171-185, 2024), we hypothesized that the effect of affordance would vary accordingly. In Experiment 1, participants performed three tasks: arrow direction discrimination, shape discrimination, and circle localization. In all tasks, the time interval between the affordance object (a mug) and the onset of the target, as well as the compatibility between the mug and the response, varied. The arrow task replicated the NCE - responses were slower in compatible trials at short intervals. No compatibility effects were observed in the shape task. Notably, the localization task revealed a positive compatibility effect (PCE). The variation in compatibility effects suggests task-dependent affordances. Experiment 2 manipulated the target position relative to the fixation to investigate the PCE in the localization task and explore the differences in the compatibility effect. Although the PCE was not replicated, the NCE now also appeared for location tasks. Our results suggest that task constraints shape the compatibility effect, and distractor-induced affordances engage inhibitory mechanisms only when spatial features are relevant.Article Citation - WoS: 1An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Attention Training Technique on Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Control Trial(Springer, 2025-09-26) Erdogan-Yildirim, Zeynep; Tekinsav-Sutcu, Serap; Altintoprak, Ayse EnderThe present study explores the effectiveness of attention training technique on cognitive and metacognitive processes among individuals with alcohol use disorder. Randomly assigned in three groups, the sample consisted of 60 male patients aged 18-65 years who applied to a clinic specializing in addictions and were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder according to DSM-5 criteria. While the first group took treatment, the second and third groups were administered a standard treatment protocol supplemented with attention training technique and relaxation interventions, respectively. Then, we evaluated the participants' pre- and post-intervention outcomes as well as their follow-up outcomes one and three months after the interventions. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for mixed-design with pre- and post-tests yielded statistically significant differences within and/or between groups in cognitive (anxiety sensitivity/cognitive symptoms, trait anxiety/cognitive) and metacognitive (worry, metacognition/positive beliefs about worry) measures as well as in attentional control, and we concluded that these findings were maintained in follow-up measurements. Additionally, the modified intention-to-treat analysis to eliminate any possible bias due to study quitters in the follow-up measurements indicated that the same effects were maintained only in attentional control, anxiety sensitivity/cognitive symptoms, and worry scores of the participants. Overall, we were able to reveal that the integration of the attention training technique - a transdiagnostic and metacognitive technique - into an alcohol use disorder treatment protocol may affect the prognosis of the disorder and bring desirable impacts on patients' outcomes.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne Ait Tripolis Mühür Baskıları(Fabrizio Serra Editore, 2023) B., DumanThis study analyses 191 terracotta seal impressions found in situ in a room located between the Agora and Colonnade Street in Tripolis, the last border town in the south of the Lydian region, most of which were brought to light during the 2014 excavation. The archive, which began its activity during the reign of emperor Augustus, was destroyed by a large fire in the mid-3rd century AD. After the fire, the documents on which the seals were impressed and their con-tents were completely destroyed, while the clay seals hardened due to the high temperatures and have survived to the present day. One of the main objectives of this paper is to discuss the iconographies used in the seal impressions and the general content of the original documents that were destroyed. Indeed, the seal impressions depict various gods and goddesses, as well as portraits both of Roman emperors and private persons, as well as animals and other figures. This collection of seal prints is an important visual testimony that concretely reveals the commercial, political, and administrative activities of Tripolis, and their images also provide important informa-tion about the gods and goddesses worshipped in and around the Lydian city. Roman Tripolis has thus provided us with new and very significant data thanks to the large number of seal impressions, which represent a unique discovery for the ancient cities of western Anatolia. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Analysis of Karst and Pseudokarst Landforms in Denizli (SW Türkiye) Using UAV-SFM Photogrammetry: A Comparative Study with Traditional Methods at Gümüşdere Doline and Kartal Lake(Springer, 2025-07-31) Ozgur, Deniz; Baykara, Mehmet OrucThis study compares analog and digital photogrammetric techniques for analyzing karst and pseudokarst landforms, focusing on the G & uuml;m & uuml;& scedil;dere Doline and Kartal Lake. Furthermore, it identifies and analyzes five additional structures in the Denizli Province, southwestern T & uuml;rkiye: the Kelkaya Sinkhole, Gireniz Fairy Chimneys, Kark & imath;n Cirque, Kap & imath;z Canyon and Alacain Caves. Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) was employed to generate high-resolution 3D models of these key landforms. The results obtained for the G & uuml;m & uuml;& scedil;dere Doline and Kartal Lake were compared with existing data derived from traditional mapping methods, including 1:25,000 scale maps, satellite imagery, handheld GPS measurements, and laser rangefinders. The UAV-SfM approach yielded significantly higher spatial resolution (down to 3.27 cm/pixel) and improved accuracy, enabling the identification of previously undetected geomorphological features and more precise quantification of landform characteristics. The resulting digital models facilitated detailed volumetric calculations and slope analysis. The analysis of the Kelkaya Sinkhole demonstrated the efficacy of a hybrid approach, combining aerial and terrestrial imagery. Spatial relationships between natural karst features and historical human activity at the Alacain Caves were also elucidated, demonstrating the technique's broader applicability. Finally, we identify a previously undocumented glacier cirque in southern Denizli, named the Kark & imath;n Cirque. This study highlights the transformative potential of digital photogrammetry, even without ground control points, in karst geomorphological research while acknowledging inherent limitations related to cost, specialized skills, and environmental constraints. The integration of these techniques promises new insights into understanding the evolution of karst landscapes and their interaction with human activities.